External envelope
The external envelope, including façades, cladding, and weatherproofing, shapes both appearance and performance. These materials vary widely in composition and emissions intensity. Comparing options helps balance thermal efficiency goals with carbon transparency.
Average NABERS Benchmark
Lowest
Highest
Quarries Sandstone Products
Gosford Quarries
67.10
tonne
Australia
Ceramic tiles, Ceramic Facade Tile Products
Xiamen Togen Building Products Co. Ltd
0.31
kg
China
Natural stone products of granite and limestone pacing stone granite
Naturestens
75.73
tonne
Sweden
Natural stone products of granite and limestone split surface granite walls
Naturestens
77.21
tonne
Sweden
Natural stone products of granite and limestone flamed or bush hammered granite slab
Naturestens
92.02
tonne
Sweden
Natural stone products of granite and limestone flamed or planed limestone slab
Naturestens
119.68
tonne
Sweden
Natural stone 50 mm
Silkarstone
396.30
tonne
Turkey
Natural stone 40 mm
Silkarstone
399.07
tonne
Turkey
Natural stone 30 mm
Silkarstone
403.70
tonne
Turkey
Natural stone 20 mm
Silkarstone
416.67
tonne
Turkey
Natural stone 10 mm
Silkarstone
451.85
tonne
Turkey
Quarries Sandstone Products
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
below NABERS average
Ceramic tiles, Ceramic Facade Tile Products
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / kg (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / kg (A1-A3)
below NABERS average
Natural stone products of granite and limestone pacing stone granite
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
below NABERS average
Natural stone products of granite and limestone split surface granite walls
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
below NABERS average
Natural stone products of granite and limestone flamed or bush hammered granite slab
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
below NABERS average
Natural stone products of granite and limestone flamed or planed limestone slab
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
below NABERS average
Natural stone 50 mm
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
above NABERS average
Natural stone 40 mm
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
above NABERS average
Natural stone 30 mm
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
above NABERS average
Natural stone 20 mm
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
above NABERS average
Natural stone 10 mm
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
above NABERS average
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