homeproductssub-structure

Sub-structure

The sub-structure forms the building’s foundation, including footings, slabs, and below-ground walls. Typically heavy in concrete and steel, these elements often account for a large share of total embodied carbon. Early-stage visibility into material impacts can support reduction strategies from the ground up.

Average NABERS Benchmark

Lowest

Highest

Mesh D500L 5.6mm-9.6mm
Mesh D500L 5.6mm-9.6mm
Bestbar Pty Ltd
797.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / kg (A1-A3)
50.19%

below NABERS average

Reinforcing Steel deformed Reinforcing Bar
Reinforcing Steel deformed Reinforcing Bar
Reozone
1,110.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
30.63%

below NABERS average

Reinforcing Bar
Reinforcing Bar
Stride Reinforcement Pty Ltd
1,527.12
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
4.55%

below NABERS average

Reinforcing bar
Reinforcing bar
Ausreo
1,660.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
3.75%

above NABERS average

Reinforcing Prefabricated cages
Reinforcing Prefabricated cages
Ausreo
1,660.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
3.75%

above NABERS average

Reinforcing bar, Reinforcing bar, 10 mm to 50 mm
Reinforcing bar, Reinforcing bar, 10 mm to 50 mm
Infrabuild Australia Pty Ltd
1,670.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
4.38%

above NABERS average

Reinforcing bar, reinforcing component of (piles, ground beams, pad footings, columns, beams, arches and lattice girders)
Reinforcing bar, reinforcing component of (piles, ground beams, pad footings, columns, beams, arches and lattice girders)
Infrabuild Australia Pty Ltd
1,670.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
4.38%

above NABERS average

Reinforcing bar, Steel reinforcement, recycled, bar
Reinforcing bar, Steel reinforcement, recycled, bar
Australian Reinforcing Company (ARC)
1,670.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
4.38%

above NABERS average

Reinforcing mesh, Reinforcing carpets (BAMTEC®)
Reinforcing mesh, Reinforcing carpets (BAMTEC®)
Infrabuild Australia Pty Ltd
1,670.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
4.38%

above NABERS average

Reinforcing mesh, Reinforcing Mesh - SL53 to SL81, RL718 to RL1218 (mm)
Reinforcing mesh, Reinforcing Mesh - SL53 to SL81, RL718 to RL1218 (mm)
Infrabuild Australia Pty Ltd
2,060.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
28.75%

above NABERS average

Reinforcing mesh, Steel reinforcement, recycled, mesh
Reinforcing mesh, Steel reinforcement, recycled, mesh
Australian Reinforcing Company (ARC)
2,060.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
28.75%

above NABERS average

Prestressed Steel Strand
Prestressed Steel Strand
BGC Australia
2,590.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
61.88%

above NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
SN Seixal - Siderurgia Nacional S.A.
402.20
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
74.86%

below NABERS average

TMT Rebar 100% Recycled Scrap
TMT Rebar 100% Recycled Scrap
Jindal Steel & Power
445.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
72.19%

below NABERS average

Steel reinforcement products for concrete Denmark
Steel reinforcement products for concrete Denmark
Celsa Steel Service A/S
445.06
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
72.18%

below NABERS average

PACIFIC DCRB™ - Reo Coil & Mesh Feed
PACIFIC DCRB™ - Reo Coil & Mesh Feed
Pacific Steel (NZ) Limited
474.01
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
70.37%

below NABERS average

PACIFIC DCRB™ - Reinforcing Bar
PACIFIC DCRB™ - Reinforcing Bar
Pacific Steel (NZ) Limited
485.03
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
69.69%

below NABERS average

1 tonne steel reinforcing bar/coil
1 tonne steel reinforcing bar/coil
NatSteel Holdings Pty Ltd
490.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
69.38%

below NABERS average

reinforcing Steel reinforcing bar/coil
reinforcing Steel reinforcing bar/coil
NatSteel Holdings Pty Ltd
490.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
69.38%

below NABERS average

Reinforcing steel in bars and coils
Reinforcing steel in bars and coils
Sidenor
658.78
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
58.83%

below NABERS average

HOT ROLLED STEEL REINFORCING STEEL IN BARS AND COILS
HOT ROLLED STEEL REINFORCING STEEL IN BARS AND COILS
Pittini Group
689.46
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
56.91%

below NABERS average

Dramix® Steel fibres for Concrete Reinforcement Bekaert
Dramix® Steel fibres for Concrete Reinforcement Bekaert
Bekaert
707.92
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
55.76%

below NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Kaptan Group
738.90
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
53.82%

below NABERS average

Structural steel (hot rolled), HOT ROLLED STEEL REINFORCING STEEL IN BARS AND COILS - Jumbo Coils
Structural steel (hot rolled), HOT ROLLED STEEL REINFORCING STEEL IN BARS AND COILS - Jumbo Coils
FERRIERE NORD S.p.A.
774.96
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
65.86%

below NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Ekinciler Demir ve Celik San. A.S
799.26
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
50.05%

below NABERS average

Reinforcing steel in Bars Rebars
Reinforcing steel in Bars Rebars
ArcelorMittal Europe
818.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
48.88%

below NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Kroman Celik Sanayii A.S
825.33
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
48.42%

below NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
ICDAS Celik Enerji Tersane ve Ulasim Sanayi A.S.
850.30
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
46.86%

below NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
HABAS A.S.
940.13
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
41.24%

below NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Conares Metal Supply Ltd
940.86
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
41.20%

below NABERS average

Carbon Steel Reinforcing Bar (secondary production route - scrap) - Thailand
Carbon Steel Reinforcing Bar (secondary production route - scrap) - Thailand
TATA Steel
950.13
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
40.62%

below NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Diler Demir Celik Endustri ve Ticaret A.S
951.23
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
40.55%

below NABERS average

Rebar
Rebar
Wei Chih Steel Industrial Co Ltd
960.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
40.00%

below NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Carbon steel reinforcing bar secondary production route - scrap
Conares Steel
964.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
39.75%

below NABERS average

Structural steel (hot rolled), Multiple steel products: - Deformed bar - Wire rod - Deformed bar in coil
Structural steel (hot rolled), Multiple steel products: - Deformed bar - Wire rod - Deformed bar in coil
Tung Ho Steel Enterprise Group
1,010.48
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
55.49%

below NABERS average

Steel Bars and Coil for Concrete Reinforced
Steel Bars and Coil for Concrete Reinforced
Tung Ho Steel Enterprise Group
1,183.47
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
26.03%

below NABERS average

Coil rebar
Coil rebar
Dongkuk Steel
1,338.99
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
16.31%

below NABERS average

Dramix® Steel fibers for Concrete Reinforcement Karawang
Dramix® Steel fibers for Concrete Reinforcement Karawang
Karawang
1,489.30
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
6.92%

below NABERS average

Carbon steel reinforcing bar Direct Reduced Iron production route
Carbon steel reinforcing bar Direct Reduced Iron production route
Jindal Shadeed Iron and Steel LLC
1,640.00
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
2.50%

above NABERS average

Reinforcing strand PC Strand
Reinforcing strand PC Strand
Galcore
1,847.38
Upfront Carbon Emissions
kg CO2e / tonne (A1-A3)
15.46%

above NABERS average

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